Engage low gear
The sign shows a lorry on a downhill gradient: a steep descent ahead. Engage a low gear so the engine itself holds the vehicle back. Braking all the way down overheats the brakes and they fade just where you need them most, at the bottom.
Car A
At this Y junction the GIVE WAY sign stands where the road car B is coming down meets the main road, so B must wait until the road it is joining is clear. Car A is already on that road, so A goes first.
Slow down and proceed if there is no traffic
This is the GIVE WAY sign, a red round sign with a yellow triangle. Slow down, look along the road you are joining, and carry on if nothing is coming. Only the STOP sign makes you halt every time, whether or not there is traffic.
Possibility of congestion on road ahead
The triangle showing vehicles queued one behind the other warns that traffic is likely to be congested further on. It warns of a hold up you are about to reach, not of a crash that has already happened.
Avoid braking completely and control the steering whee
A burst rear tyre pulls the car sideways, and braking hard turns that pull into a skid. Keep off the brakes, hold the steering wheel firmly and keep the car straight, let it lose speed on its own, then pull off the road.
Black on yellow background
Private vehicle registration plates carry black characters on a yellow background. The ground colour, not the number, is what marks the class of vehicle.
at least 100m before I turn
At high speed on a main road the driver behind needs long warning, so signal at least 100 metres before you turn. Fifty metres is barely two seconds at that speed, and 7,5 metres is about a car and a half.
Have a regulatory effect
Direction arrows painted on the road beside prohibition lines have the force of law. The arrow in your lane tells you where that lane may go and you must follow it, and it binds every driver, not only taxi drivers.
Car A
The two roads run into one here. From car A's seat, coming down the right hand road, car B is approaching from the right, and at a junction with no signs you give precedence to traffic from your right. So A stops and lets B in.
Car A
A GIVE WAY sign faces car A where its road joins the other one, so the road carrying cars B and C has priority. A must wait for the crossing traffic on both sides to clear, which makes A the last of the three to move.
Car B
The GIVE WAY sign stands where the road car B is on meets the others, so B is the one joining and must wait. Car A coming up from the bottom and car C coming down the diagonal are already on the through road, so B moves last.
Avoid noise when gear changing.
The clutch separates the engine from the gearbox so a gear can be selected without the teeth grating. It does not change your speed; the accelerator and the brakes do that.
Two lanes becoming one
Converging lanes are two lanes running into one. The traffic has to merge, so match your speed to the lane you are joining and leave a gap for the vehicle coming in beside you.
Reading a traffic situation in advance
Hazard perception is reading the traffic ahead and working out what is about to go wrong before it does: the child at the kerb, the bus indicating, the lorry drifting wide. Obeying signals is following instruction, not seeing trouble early.
Reduce speed and stop when necessary
Reduce speed and be ready to stop. An animal will turn back into the road, and where there is one there is usually a herd or a herder behind it, so give it room and time instead of pressing it with the horn or the lights.
Green, Red, Amber
A robot runs green, then amber, then red, then green again. Amber always sits between green and red to give you time to pull up, so a sequence that goes straight from green to red is the one that never happens.
Car B
In town, at an intersection with no robot and no sign, precedence goes to the vehicle approaching from the road on your right. Car A is coming up the road and the orange car is joining from the road on A's right, turning right into A's lane. So A waits and Car B has the right of way.
Reins and a leader
An animal drawn vehicle must have reins and a person leading the animals. Control of the animals is what keeps the cart out of other people's way, and lamps are not what the law asks of it.
On the extreme left of the road or in an authorized parking place
Stop on the extreme left of the road, or in a place marked for parking, where you are out of the traffic stream and anyone coming up behind can pass. Stopping on the right leaves you against oncoming traffic.
7m
You may not stop within 7 metres of a corner. A vehicle standing closer than that hides the traffic turning in, and forces everyone else to swing out around it just where the view is shortest.
Stay off the road
If you have been drinking or taking drugs, stay off the road. Alcohol slows your reactions and makes you think you are driving better than you are, so driving slowly or hugging the left does not make you any safer, and the offence is the same.
A circle
A command sign is a blue round sign. It tells you what you must do. A triangle carries a warning and a rectangle carries information, so the shape tells you what kind of instruction you are being given before you read it.
Whichever side is safe
Pass led animals on whichever side is safe. Animals stray across the road and the person leading them may be on either side, so the usual rule about overtaking on the right does not fit. Go slowly, leave room, and do not hoot.
Give precedence to all vehicles coming from the right
A fixed or flashing amber robot means the junction is not being controlled, so the ordinary rule takes over: give precedence to traffic approaching from your right. Treat it as an unmarked intersection, not as a clear run through.
Car B
A GIVE WAY sign faces car C where the road cars A and C are on meets the crossing road, and car B is also approaching from car A's right. Both A and C must give way, so car B goes first.